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The Art. 2(b) CISG Conundrum: Are Tender Contracts Under the Ambit of an Auction?

By Harddit Bedi* and Akansha Tripathy**

Introduction

It is beyond dispute that The Convention of International Sales of Goods, 1980 (CISG) has facilitated international trade disputes. However, Courts and tribunals continue to apply their minds in adjudicating the applicability of CISG before advancing into substantive issues. This exercise is not very prolific as it prolongs proceedings. Chapter 1 of the convention lays down the scope and extent of the CISG. Amongst other things, the CISG application does not apply to contracts formed by, inter-alia, auctions under Art. 2(b) of CISG.  The word auction itself is nowhere defined in the convention.

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Japanese Court Enforces a Singaporean Judgment Ordering the Payment of Child Living Expenses

I.  Introduction

Foreign family law decisions can be recognized, and where necessary, enforced in Japan if they meet the prescribed requirements for this purpose. Prior to 2018, it was an establish practice to apply the same recognition and enforcement regime used for civil and commercial matters to foreign family law decisions. However, discussions existed in literature regarding whether constitutive family law judgments and decrees should be recognized following the choice of law approach, or whether the specific characteristics of foreign family law decisions might justify exceptions, such as the non-application of certain recognition requirements (see Mario Takeshita, “The Recognition of Foreign Judgments by Japanese Courts” 39 Japanese Annual of International Law (1996) 59-61). Read more

News

Publication of the fifth editions of the Practical Handbooks on the Operation of the 1965 Service and 1970 Evidence Conventions

 

The Permanent Bureau of the HCCH is pleased to announce that the fifth editions of the Practical Handbooks on the Operation of the 1965 Service and 1970 Evidence Conventions are now available for purchase in both paper and e-book format.

The 1965 Service and 1970 Evidence Conventions establish uniform frameworks of cooperation mechanisms to streamline, respectively, the transmission of documents for service abroad and the taking of evidence abroad. The Service and Evidence Handbooks are intended to assist users of the Conventions, including Central Authorities, government officials, courts, counsel and legal practitioners, by providing practical guidance on their implementation and operation.

The Practical Handbook on the 1965 Service Convention is designed first and foremost to assist users with the operation of the main and alternative channels of transmission and the provisions regarding adequate protection of the defendant. As for the Practical Handbook on the 1970 Evidence Convention, it is designed to assist users with the operation of the two systems of taking evidence that are provided by the Convention, namely (1) Letters of Request and (2) Consuls and Commissioners. The Practical Handbooks also explain how information technology is and may be used to further enhance the operation of the Conventions, including by incorporating, for the 1970 Evidence Convention, relevant information from the HCCH Guide to Good Practice on the Use of Video-Link.

Incorporating recent developments, court decisions, and practical examples provided by experts from around the world, as well as updates from the meeting of the Special Commission held in July 2024, the fifth editions of the Handbooks are essential resources for anyone involved in the implementation and operation of the 1965 Service and 1970 Evidence Conventions.

More information on how to purchase hard copies and/or e-book copies is available on the Publications section of the HCCH website (for the general public).  Specific instructions for HCCH National and Contact Organs and Member Central Authorities designated under the Service and Evidence Conventions are also provided on the Publications section of the HCCH website.

This post is published by the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference of Private International Law (HCCH).

Extended Deadline – Call for Papers: “Tariffs: Emerging challenges in global trade” by the Journal of Law, Market & Innovation (JMLI)

We have recently shared the call for papers by the Journal of Law, Market & Innovation (JLMI) for its first issue of 2026. The deadline has now been moved to 20 July 2025.

For further information, we are again referring to the editors who can be reached at editors.jlmi@iuse.it.

Call for Papers: Special Issue of the Akdeniz University Faculty of Law Journal in Honor of Peter Hay

Necla Ozturk (Editor of the Akdeniz University Faculty of Law Journal) has kindly shared the following call for papers with us:

On the occasion of the 90th birthday of distinguished legal scholar Professor Dr. Peter Hay, Akdeniz University Faculty of Law Journal is preparing a special issue to be published in 2025, dedicated to his outstanding contributions to Private International Law and Comparative Law.

Throughout his illustrious academic career, Professor Hay has profoundly influenced the field through his pioneering work on the relationships between American, German, and European Private Law systems. His publications, teaching, and international engagements have left a lasting mark on the legal world.

We would be honored to receive a contribution from you for this commemorative issue. We especially welcome articles that address topics aligned with Professor Hay’s areas of expertise or offer critical reflections inspired by his scholarly legacy.

Suggested Topics Include:
• Private International Law
• Comparative Law
• Convergence/Divergence of Legal Systems
• American And European Private Law
• Critical Assessments of Professor Hay’s Work

Submission Deadline: November 15, 2025
Languages Accepted: Turkish, English, German, French.
Submission Guidelines: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdhfd/writing-rules

Please submit your article via https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdhfd or hukukdergi@akdeniz.edu.tr by the deadline indicated above.

We look forward to your valuable contribution to this special issue that pays tribute to Professor Peter Hay’s scholarly achievements and influence.