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NIKI, COMI, Air Berlin and Art. 5 EIR recast

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Written by Lukas Schmidt, Research Fellow at the Center for Transnational Commercial Dispute Resolution (TCDR) of the EBS Law School, Wiesbaden, Germany.

The Regional Court of Berlin has, on the basis of the immediate appeal against the order of the provisional insolvency administration on the assets of NIKI Luftfahrt GmbH (under Austrian law), repealed the decision of the District Court of Charlottenburg (see here) as it finds that international jurisdiction lies with Austrian and not German courts. In its decision, the regional court has dealt with the definition of international jurisdiction, which is based on the debtor’s centre of main interests (‘COMI’). According to the provisions of the European Insolvency Regulation, that is the place where the debtor usually conducts the administration of its interests and that is ascertainable by third parties. Read more

Implementation of the EAPO in Greece

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By virtue of Article 42 Law 4509/2017, a new provision has been added to the Code of Civil Procedure, bearing the title of the EU Regulation. Article 738 A CCP features 6 paragraphs, which are (partially) fulfilling the duty of the Hellenic Republic under Article 50 EAPO. In brief the provision states the following:

  • 1: The competent courts to issue a EAPO are the Justice of the Peace for those disputes falling under its subject matter jurisdiction, and the One Member 1st Instance Court  for the remaining disputes. It is noteworthy that the provision does not refer to the court, but to its respective judge, which implies that no oral hearing is needed.
  • 2: The application is dismissed, if
  1. it does not fulfil the requirements stipulated in the Regulation, or if
  2. the applicant does not state the information provided by Article 8 EAPO, or if
  3. (s)he does not proceed to the requested amendments or corrections of the application within the time limit set by the Judge.

Notice of dismissal may take place by an e-mail sent to the account of the lawyer who filed the application. E-signature and acknowledgment of receipt are pre-requisites for this form of service.

The applicant may lodge an appeal within 30 days following notification. The hearing follows the rule established under Article 11 EAPO. The competent courts are the ones established under the CCP.

  • 3: The debtor enjoys the rights and remedies provided by Articles 33-38 EAPO. Without prejudice to the provisions of the EU Regulation, the special chapter on garnishment proceedings (Articles 712 & 982 et seq. CCP) is to be applied.
  • 4: If the EAPO has been issued prior to the initiation of proceedings to the substance of the matter, the latter shall be initiated within 30 days following service to the third-party.

If the applicant failed to do so, the EAPO shall be revoked ipso iure, unless the applicant has served a payment order within the above term.

  • 5: Upon finality of the judgment issued on the main proceedings or the payment order mentioned under § 4, the successful EAPO applicant acquires full rights to the claim.
  • 6: The liability of the creditor is governed by Article 13 Paras 1 & 2 EAPO. Article 703 CCP (damages against the creditor caused by enforcement against the debtor) is applied analogously.

Some additional remarks related to the Explanatory Report would provide a better insight to the foreign reader.

  1. There is an explicit reference to the German and Austrian model.
  2. The placement of the provision (i.e. within the 5th Book of the CCP, on Interim Measures) clarifies the nature of the EAPO as an interim measure, despite its visible connotations to an order, which is regulated in the 4th chapter of the 4th Book, on Special Proceedings. Nevertheless, the explanatory report acknowledges resemblance of the EAPO to a payment order.
  3. There is no need to provide information on the authority competent to enforce the EAPO, given that the sole person entrusted with execution in Greece is the bailiff.

The initiative taken by the MoJ is more than welcome. However, a follow-up is imperative, given that Article 738 A CCP does not provide all necessary information listed under Article 50 EAPO.

Mutual Recognition and Enforcement of Civil and Commercial Judgments among China (PRC), Japan and South Korea

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Written by Dr. Wenliang Zhang, Lecturer in the Law School of Renmin U, China (PRC)

Against the lasting global efforts to address the issue of recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments (“REJ”), some scholars from Mainland China, Japan and South Korea echoed from a regional level, and convened for a seminar on “Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments between China, Japan and South Korea in the New Era”. The seminar was held in School of Law of Renmin University of China on December 19, 2017 and the participants were involved in discussing in depth the status quo and the ways out in relation to the enduring REJ dilemma between the three jurisdictions, especially that between China and Japan. Read more

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Opportunity for students in private international law: Contributing to the ILA Reporter

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The ILA Reporter, the official blog of the International Law Association (Australian Branch), is currently calling for submissions on private international law to be published on the website.

The Reporter provides leading analysis, commentary and discussion on public and private international law issues, which have a bearing on Australia and the wider region. The length of contributions is flexible – anywhere between 500 and 1,500 words is ideal, and we frequently publish multi-part article series.

Would you or any of the postgraduate students in the law school be interested in publishing in the ILA Reporter?

Terms and conditions for the submissions are available here, and submissions should conform to the ILA Reporter’s Style Guide here.

Virtual Workshop on October 4: Sabine Corneloup on Migrants in Transit or Under Temporary Protection

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On Tuesday, October 4, 2022, the Hamburg Max Planck Institute will host its 26th monthly virtual workshop Current Research in Private International Law at 11:00 a.m. -12:30 p.m. (CEST). Prof. Sabine Corneloup (Paris-Panthéon-Assas University) will speak, in English, about the topic

Migrants in Transit or Under Temporary Protection: How Can Private International Law Deal With Provisional (But Not Necessarily Short-Term) Presence?

An increasing number of migrants are provisionally present in the territory of a State other than their State of origin, be it because they are granted temporary protection until they can return to their country of origin (4 million refugees from Ukraine registered for Temporary Protection in Europe), or because migration policies – notably externalization measures – prevent them from accessing the territory of their State of destination. As a result, many migrants are blocked for months if not years in transit countries at the external borders of Europe, before being able to resume their migratory route. Their provisional presence, which initially was meant to remain transitional and short-term, often becomes indefinite. In the meantime, life goes on: children are born, couples marry and divorce, parental child abductions take place etc.
How can Private International Law deal with these situations? The presentation aims to explore PIL connecting factors, such as nationality, habitual residence and mere presence, and assess their appropriateness for migrants on the move or under temporary protection. The 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention, which requires that the personal status of refugees be governed by the law of domicile or residence, does not provide an answer to all difficulties.

The presentation will be followed by open discussion. All are welcome. More information and sign-up here.

If you want to be invited to these events in the future, please write to veranstaltungen@mpipriv.de.

Call for submissions: Kim Santow Law and Social Justice Essay Prize

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Sydney Law School is pleased to announce the inaugural Kim Santow Law and Social Justice Essay Prize. For more information, see here.

The Essay Prize is open to students enrolled in an LLB or JD program at an Australian University.  In 2022, essays must be submitted by  by 5.00 pm (AEDT) on Monday 31 October 2022. The Essay Prize will be awarded in association with the annual Kim Santow Expert Panel on Law and Social Justice which will take place on Thursday 1 December 2022.

Kim Santow Law and Social Justice Essay Prize 2022: Rules

  1. The Kim Santow Law and Social Justice Essay Prize is open to any student enrolled in an LLB or JD degree program at an Australian tertiary institution at the time of submission or within the previous six months.
  2. Essays must have been written in the 12 months before the submission deadline. A person may not submit more than one essay to the Competition in any given year.
  3.  Essays must respond to the following proposition:
    The NDIS     is described as a shift from a welfare system to a market-based system, but there may be limitations in relying on competition and choice in the provision of disability support. Discuss.
  4. Essays must be no more than 3,000 words. Essays exceeding this word limit will not be accepted. Footnotes if used, and bibliographies (required), are not included in the final word count.
  5. Essays must be submitted as a .pdf document by email to <law.reform@sydney.edu.au>.
  6. The deadline for submission of essays is 5.00 pm (AEDT) on Monday 31 October, 2022. No extensions will be allowed.
  7. Essays must meet the highest standards of academic integrity, and be fully and accurately referenced according to a recognised referencing standard (eg, AGLC, Harvard, MLA).
  8. Each person submitting an essay must declare that the essay is the person’s own original work. By submitting an essay, a person agrees that Sydney Law School may conduct an integrity check for copyright infringement or plagiarism.
  9. An essay that is submitted to the Competition must be accompanied by a separate cover page stating:
    a.     the author’s name, contact email and telephone number
    b.     a declaration of enrolment (see rule 1)
    c.     a declaration of time (see rule 2)
    d.     a declaration of integrity (see rule 7)
  10. A submitted essay must not include any information – for example in a header or footer – that identifies the author, so that it can be marked anonymously.
  11. Eligible essays will be reviewed by a panel of experts against the following criteria:
    1. Novelty: does the essay address a cutting-edge issue and/or contribute a novel perspective or analysis to the question
    2. Argument: is the argument clear, compelling, well-developed and supported by evidence?
    3. Clarity and structure: is the essay written clearly and concisely, and organised in a logical and effective way?
    4. Accuracy: is the essay presented neatly and legibly, with few or no content, typographical, grammatical and referencing errors?
  12. The best essay will be announced on 1 December, 2022 at the Kim Santow Experts Panel on Social Justice to be hosted at the Sydney Law School. The decision of the judging panel is final.
  13. The judging panel may in its discretion decline to award prizes.
  14. Subject to rule 13, the author of the Winning Essay will each receive a prize of AU$1000.
  15. The author of the Winning Essay will be offered academic support and advice to revise their work for submission for publication.
  16. The author of the Winning Essay agrees that if their essay is published (by any means, in any forum), that its publication will be accompanied by an acknowledgment that the essay won the Prize in the relevant year.

Please direct any inquiries to Mr Josh Pallas at <law.reform@sydney.edu.au>.

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