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The Art. 2(b) CISG Conundrum: Are Tender Contracts Under the Ambit of an Auction?

By Harddit Bedi* and Akansha Tripathy**

Introduction

It is beyond dispute that The Convention of International Sales of Goods, 1980 (CISG) has facilitated international trade disputes. However, Courts and tribunals continue to apply their minds in adjudicating the applicability of CISG before advancing into substantive issues. This exercise is not very prolific as it prolongs proceedings. Chapter 1 of the convention lays down the scope and extent of the CISG. Amongst other things, the CISG application does not apply to contracts formed by, inter-alia, auctions under Art. 2(b) of CISG.  The word auction itself is nowhere defined in the convention.

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Japanese Court Enforces a Singaporean Judgment Ordering the Payment of Child Living Expenses

I.  Introduction

Foreign family law decisions can be recognized, and where necessary, enforced in Japan if they meet the prescribed requirements for this purpose. Prior to 2018, it was an establish practice to apply the same recognition and enforcement regime used for civil and commercial matters to foreign family law decisions. However, discussions existed in literature regarding whether constitutive family law judgments and decrees should be recognized following the choice of law approach, or whether the specific characteristics of foreign family law decisions might justify exceptions, such as the non-application of certain recognition requirements (see Mario Takeshita, “The Recognition of Foreign Judgments by Japanese Courts” 39 Japanese Annual of International Law (1996) 59-61). Read more

News

Supreme Court of Canada to Hear Jurisdiction Appeal

Canada’s highest court does not grant leave to appeal in many cases involving private international law.  In November 2025 it granted leave to appeal from NHK Spring Co., Ltd. v Cheung, 2024 BCCA 236, in which the British Columbia Court of Appeal agreed with the court below in holding that it had jurisdiction to hear a price fixing class action.  The action is interesting because it involves what could be described as a “foreign” conspiracy that had effects within Canada.

The defendants are Japanese entities and the claim alleges that they conspired to fix the price of “suspension assemblies” which are a component of hard disk drives which are in turn a component of things like computers.  The claim alleges that Canadians purchased products that contained these assemblies and because of the price fixing they paid more than they otherwise would have done.

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PAX Moot – Deadline for registration is Friday 16 January 2026 at 23:59 CET

The PAX Moot 2026 Vladimir Koutikov Round is well underway. The case was published on 13 October 2025 and is available here. The deadline for registration is 16 January 2026 at 23:59 CET.

Save the date: The oral rounds will take place from 15 to 17 April 2026 in Sofia, Bulgaria.

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27th Volume of the Japanese Yearbook of Private International Law (2025)

The 27th Volume (2025) of the Japanese Yearbook of Private International Law (JYPIL) (Kokusai Shiho Nenpo [Japanese]) published by the Private International Law Association of Japan (Kokusai Shiho Gakkai [Japanese]) (“PILAJ”) has recently been released.

This new volume features the following table of content.

The papers are published in Japanese; all links below direct to the papers’ English summaries.

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