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	<title>Comments on: US Court Refuses to Enforce Nicaraguan Judgment</title>
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	<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/</link>
	<description>News and Views in Private International Law</description>
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		<title>By: Official Russia &#124; An international concept of due process arises out of Florida</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-235882</link>
		<dc:creator>Official Russia &#124; An international concept of due process arises out of Florida</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 06:04:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-235882</guid>
		<description>[...] troves of the internet and a blog that I read frequently and have great respect for, acknowledged a very important case the other day in which a federal court in Florida decided to refuse to enforce a $97 million [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] troves of the internet and a blog that I read frequently and have great respect for, acknowledged a very important case the other day in which a federal court in Florida decided to refuse to enforce a $97 million [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Stefano Bertone</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-234238</link>
		<dc:creator>Stefano Bertone</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:54:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-234238</guid>
		<description>Dear Sirs, 

Gullone, Abad and Osorio (and many others) are all the same face of a very negative contemporary approach of US justice to foreign people who claim to have been damaged by illicit acts of US corporations.

De facto, this creates an immunity/impunity-inspired doctrine.

If these people claim in the US, they are told that they should have litigated the case elsewhere, in their home country. No decisions on the merits, no enforcement.
If they claim in their home country, they are told that their foras are corrupt, impartial, they lack due process, and so those judgements can&#039;t have any binding effect. No enforcement again.

One could easily expect these motions to be filed by the defendants that are under scrutiny: in the very end, who is so crazy not to try escaping liability? It is however less easy to accept that judges fuel this approach. 

So a number of questions arise at this point. They are true questions (meaning: I am truly curious to know), even when the answers are supposed to be quite straightforward under a majority opinion.

Do American judges agree that in an ideal model, an alleged tortfeasor must be amenable to trial somewhere?
Do agree American judges that at least from an historical experience, the best guarantees a defendant can find, are in its home country&#039;s courts?
Are American judges aware of the fact that continuous forum non dismissals increase an already high isolationism of the U.S.A. in the world context? 
Are they aware that only a very small percentage of the cases dismissed on forum non by US courts are refiled in the plaintiffs&#039; home country?
Are American jugdes aware that by way of keeping protecting American defendants from any kind of claims from foreign claimants (reads: impunity/immunity), they are giving green light to underinvestment on safety on products to be marketed abroad?
Are American judges aware that the doors of European justice are always open to American plaintiffs?
Are American judges aware that if an American citizen gets injured in Europe as a result of a defective product manufactured in Europe by an European company, he can set unamovable forum in the European company&#039;s headquarters&#039;s court?
Are American judges aware that the forum non doctrine is illegal in the EU since 2005, it is very rarely used in Australia and, with probably the exception of Canada, it is as such a resource used by only one country in the whole world? (Isolationism comeback)
In conclusion, would there be an American judge willing to explain where, when and how (if it at all possible...) Osorio should have filed its claim against the defendant?

Thank you very much.

Stefano Bertone, a plaintiff lawyer from Italy.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Sirs, </p>
<p>Gullone, Abad and Osorio (and many others) are all the same face of a very negative contemporary approach of US justice to foreign people who claim to have been damaged by illicit acts of US corporations.</p>
<p>De facto, this creates an immunity/impunity-inspired doctrine.</p>
<p>If these people claim in the US, they are told that they should have litigated the case elsewhere, in their home country. No decisions on the merits, no enforcement.<br />
If they claim in their home country, they are told that their foras are corrupt, impartial, they lack due process, and so those judgements can&#8217;t have any binding effect. No enforcement again.</p>
<p>One could easily expect these motions to be filed by the defendants that are under scrutiny: in the very end, who is so crazy not to try escaping liability? It is however less easy to accept that judges fuel this approach. </p>
<p>So a number of questions arise at this point. They are true questions (meaning: I am truly curious to know), even when the answers are supposed to be quite straightforward under a majority opinion.</p>
<p>Do American judges agree that in an ideal model, an alleged tortfeasor must be amenable to trial somewhere?<br />
Do agree American judges that at least from an historical experience, the best guarantees a defendant can find, are in its home country&#8217;s courts?<br />
Are American judges aware of the fact that continuous forum non dismissals increase an already high isolationism of the U.S.A. in the world context?<br />
Are they aware that only a very small percentage of the cases dismissed on forum non by US courts are refiled in the plaintiffs&#8217; home country?<br />
Are American jugdes aware that by way of keeping protecting American defendants from any kind of claims from foreign claimants (reads: impunity/immunity), they are giving green light to underinvestment on safety on products to be marketed abroad?<br />
Are American judges aware that the doors of European justice are always open to American plaintiffs?<br />
Are American judges aware that if an American citizen gets injured in Europe as a result of a defective product manufactured in Europe by an European company, he can set unamovable forum in the European company&#8217;s headquarters&#8217;s court?<br />
Are American judges aware that the forum non doctrine is illegal in the EU since 2005, it is very rarely used in Australia and, with probably the exception of Canada, it is as such a resource used by only one country in the whole world? (Isolationism comeback)<br />
In conclusion, would there be an American judge willing to explain where, when and how (if it at all possible&#8230;) Osorio should have filed its claim against the defendant?</p>
<p>Thank you very much.</p>
<p>Stefano Bertone, a plaintiff lawyer from Italy.</p>
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		<title>By: Trey Childress</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-234162</link>
		<dc:creator>Trey Childress</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2009 17:35:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-234162</guid>
		<description>Gilles, note that the forum  non motion would have come at a time much earlier in the proceedings, perhaps before the &quot;law on the ground&quot; in Nicaragua deteriorated.  As such, it may have made sense at the time the forum non motion was made to go to the courts in Nicaragua.  But, during the pendency of the trial, the due process guarantees in those courts evaporated, which thus makes the challenge to enforcement a reasonable position in my view.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gilles, note that the forum  non motion would have come at a time much earlier in the proceedings, perhaps before the &#8220;law on the ground&#8221; in Nicaragua deteriorated.  As such, it may have made sense at the time the forum non motion was made to go to the courts in Nicaragua.  But, during the pendency of the trial, the due process guarantees in those courts evaporated, which thus makes the challenge to enforcement a reasonable position in my view.</p>
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		<title>By: Kluwer Arbitration Blog &#187; Blog Archive &#187; The Relationship Between Enforcing Judgments and Denial of Justice Claims?</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-233928</link>
		<dc:creator>Kluwer Arbitration Blog &#187; Blog Archive &#187; The Relationship Between Enforcing Judgments and Denial of Justice Claims?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2009 18:48:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-233928</guid>
		<description>[...] colleague Trey Childress has a nice summary of the recent decision by a federal court in Florida in Osorio v. Dole Food Company to refuse to [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] colleague Trey Childress has a nice summary of the recent decision by a federal court in Florida in Osorio v. Dole Food Company to refuse to [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Gilles Cuniberti</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-233575</link>
		<dc:creator>Gilles Cuniberti</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:47:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-233575</guid>
		<description>That&#039;s the perfect crime, then, isn&#039;t it?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That&#8217;s the perfect crime, then, isn&#8217;t it?</p>
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		<title>By: Ralf Michaels</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-233559</link>
		<dc:creator>Ralf Michaels</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 14:01:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-233559</guid>
		<description>Gilles, chemical defendants (incl. Dole) did successfully argue forum non conveniens in 1995, according to the article in bloomberg to which Trey cites. There is a lengthy discussion of the relevance for future plaintiffs of such earlier fnc dismissal, including the waiver that defendants signed not to contest jurisdiction of the Nicaraguan court, in the parallel case Osorio v. Dole Food Co., WL 48189.

The whole litigation (minus the recent developments) has made its way into a movie called Bananas!; Dole has just recently withdrawn its defamation lawsuit against the filmmaker. See http://www.law.com/jsp/cc/PubArticleCC.jsp?id=1202434738199&amp;Go_iBananasi_Dole_Drops_Lawsuit_Against_Documentary_Maker#</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gilles, chemical defendants (incl. Dole) did successfully argue forum non conveniens in 1995, according to the article in bloomberg to which Trey cites. There is a lengthy discussion of the relevance for future plaintiffs of such earlier fnc dismissal, including the waiver that defendants signed not to contest jurisdiction of the Nicaraguan court, in the parallel case Osorio v. Dole Food Co., WL 48189.</p>
<p>The whole litigation (minus the recent developments) has made its way into a movie called Bananas!; Dole has just recently withdrawn its defamation lawsuit against the filmmaker. See <a href="http://www.law.com/jsp/cc/PubArticleCC.jsp?id=1202434738199&amp;Go_iBananasi_Dole_Drops_Lawsuit_Against_Documentary_Maker#" rel="nofollow">http://www.law.com/jsp/cc/PubArticleCC.jsp?id=1202434738199&amp;Go_iBananasi_Dole_Drops_Lawsuit_Against_Documentary_Maker#</a></p>
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		<title>By: Gilles Cuniberti</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-233428</link>
		<dc:creator>Gilles Cuniberti</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 20:56:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-233428</guid>
		<description>I wonder whether, if the plaintiffs had sued directly before Florida courts, they would have been told that Nicaragua is a perfectly adequate forum, and that really they should sue at home so that Florida tax payer&#039;s money would not be wasted ...

Any case law as to whether Nicaragua is an adequate forum for the purpose of forum non conveniens analysis ?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wonder whether, if the plaintiffs had sued directly before Florida courts, they would have been told that Nicaragua is a perfectly adequate forum, and that really they should sue at home so that Florida tax payer&#8217;s money would not be wasted &#8230;</p>
<p>Any case law as to whether Nicaragua is an adequate forum for the purpose of forum non conveniens analysis ?</p>
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		<title>By: Nicaragua y algo más&#187; Blog Archive &#187; US Court Refuses to Enforce Nicaraguan Judgment » Conflict of Laws &#8230;</title>
		<link>http://conflictoflaws.net/2009/us-court-refuses-to-enforce-nicaraguan-judgment/comment-page-1/#comment-233220</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicaragua y algo más&#187; Blog Archive &#187; US Court Refuses to Enforce Nicaraguan Judgment » Conflict of Laws &#8230;</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 22:46:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://conflictoflaws.net/?p=4748#comment-233220</guid>
		<description>[...] Lea la noticia original: US Court Refuses to Enforce Nicaraguan Judgment » Conflict of Laws &#8230; [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Lea la noticia original: US Court Refuses to Enforce Nicaraguan Judgment » Conflict of Laws &#8230; [...]</p>
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